Process for cracking oil



May 12, 1 925.

QUQNQQQ G. EGLOFF PROCESS FOR CRACKING OIL Filed Dec. 9, 1,920

Patented May 12, 1925.

UNITED STATES GUSTAV EGLOFF, OF INDEPENDENCE, UC'I'S COMPANY, OFCHICAGO,

KANSAS, ASSIG-NOR TO UNIVERSAL OIL PROD- ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OFSOUTH DAKOTA.

PROCESS FOR CRACKING OIL.

Application filed December 9, 1920. Serial No. 428,319.

To all whom it may cmwern:

Be it known that I. GUs'rAv Eonorr, a citizen of the in the city ofIndependence, county ofAMontgomery, in the State of Kansas, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes for CrackingOil, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in process and apparatus forcracking oil, and'refers more particularly to a process in whichpressure, certain of the vapors subjected to reflux condensation andsubjected to further, cracking, the object in the present instance beingto subject the reflux condensateto different conditions of temperatureor pressure or both than that to which the raw oil is subjected. Anotherobject of the invention is to, if desired, subject part of the apparatusto vacuum action.

In the drawings, the single figure designates a view partly in verticalsection and partly in side elevation" of my improved apparatus.

Referring to the drawings, 1 designates a furnace, provided 'withcombustion chambers 2 and 3, separated preferably by a foraminatedbridge wall inside. In the respective combustion chambers are mountedthe heating coils 5 and'6, each of which may take the form of acontinuous length of several hundred feet of two to eight-inch pipe. Thelower coil 5 is connected by feed line 7 to charging pump 8,"leading toany suitable source of raw oil supply, as for example fuel oil or heavyasphaltic crudes such as California, or Mexican crudes containing inthemselves little asolene, or the like. The delivery side of t e coil 5is connected by transfer ,line 9, having throttle valve 10 and pressuregauge ll. to the endv of an elongated horizontally disposed exansionchamber 12. This expansion chamr may for example be 68 inches indiameter and to feet long. It-is located outside the fire zone andsuitably supported above the furnace by means of supports 13. Thedelivery side of the coil 6 is connected. by auxiliary transfer line 14,having throttle valve 15 and pressure gauge 16 to the main transfer line9. The expansion chamber 12- is provided with residue draw 01f pipe 17,having throttle valve 18, and with a vapor outlet pipe 19, havingthrottle valve 20,

United States, and residing the oil is distilled under heat and chambermaybe maintained leading to the lower side of the dephlegmator 21. Thedephlegmator 21 is provided with a series of baflle like plates 22, andat its lower side is connected to reflux return line 23, having throttlevalve 24, and leading to reflux oil pump 25 interposed in the feed line26 leading to the inlet side of the heating coil 6. The upper end of thedephlegmator is connected by, vapor line 27, having throttle valve 28,to the top of condenser coil 29, seated in condenser box 30. The lowerend of the coil 29 is connected by pipe 31, having throttle valve 32, tothe upper part of receiver 33. This receiver 33 has liquid level gauge34, pressure gauge 35, 'quid draw off pipe 36, controlled by valve 37.It is also provided with two gas outlet pipes 38 and 39, controlled bythrottle valves 40 and 41 respectively. The pipe 39 is con nected to a.vacuum pump 42, whereby a vacuum may be maintained on the receiver,condenser, dephlegmator and vapor chamber, or on the receiver alone orreceiver and condenser alone, or receiver, condenser and dephlegmator.alone. This is accomplished by suitably reg|1latingthe various valvesshown. The dephlegmator is provided with pressure gauge 43 and the vaporchamber with pressure gauge 44.

The process may be carried out as follows:

Fuel oil, as for example fuel oil from the Wayside Kansas field of say25 degrees Baum, may be heated to a temperature of say 700 degrees F andsubjected to a pressure of say 135 pounds in the heating C011 5, anddelivered in substantially liquid phase through the insulatedtransfer-dine 9 to the expansion chamber 12. This expansion under apressure of say 135 pounds. The reflux condensate may be pumped back bypump 25 to the heating coil 6, and there subjected to a pressure of 175pounds and a temperature of say 770 degrees F. It is delivered insubstantially liquid phase to the vapor chamber 12.

It will be thus seen that the reflux condensate is continuouslysubjected to recracking, but at dilferent conditlons of temperature ofpressure, or both, than that to which the raw oil is subjected. Aprocess may be carried "out in the apparatus n the manner just abovedescribed, except that the dephlegmator, condenser and receiver, in

1 heated condensate to said enlar mg zone the charging stock and satephysically stead of being under a pressure of 135 ounds as in the firstcase, ma be subected to a vacuum through suitab y regulating the vacuumpump, opening the valve 41, closing the valve 40, and regulating thevalve 20, valves 28 and 32 being also open. I claim as my invention:

1, A process of oil conversion, consisting in maintainin a body ofheated h drocarbons in anen arged zone where su stantial in subjectingthe evolved vaporsv to reflux condensation to condense the heaviervapors, in passing the reflux condensate in' an advancing stream througha heating zone where it is subjected-to a cracking temperature,'indelivering the said heated condensate to the enlaaged zone, insimultaneously heating an. in epen dent advancing stream of chargingstock to a cracking temperature, in deliverin the .said heated chargingstock to said en arged zone, and in mamtainin a superatmosphericpressure on both 0 streams and on the bod'yof hydrocarbons in saidenlarged zone.-

2. A process of oil' conversion, consisting in maintainin a body ofheated h drocarbons in an en arged zone where an tantialvaporizationoccurs, in subjecting the vars to reflux condensation to condense theeavier fractions of the vapors, in passing reflux condensate in anadvancing stream through a heating zone where it is subjected to acracking temperature, in delivering the zone, in simultaneously he'at'an independentstream of charging stoc to. a cracking temperature whileunder a superatmosphe'ric pressure, in introducing said heatedchargstock to said enlarged zone in which heated condencommiugle, and inmaintainin the stream of reflux condensate while being heated under asuper-atmospheric pressure exceeding the pressure maintained on thestream of charging stock.

3. A process 9f oil conversion, cdnsisting in maintaining a body ofheated hydrocarbons-in an enlarged zone where substantial vaporizationis permitted, in subjecting the vapors to reflux condensation tocondense the heavier fractions thereof, in passing thesaid oilindependent stream of livery to said ered to said enlarged zone at atemperature lower than the temperature of the stream of refluxcondensate, but sufliciently hi h }to t e zone, and

cause a substantial vaporization o charging stock in said enlarged inintroducing'said heated c arging stock to said enlarged zone. 4. Aprocess of foil conversion, in maintainin a body of heated h drocarbonsin an en arged zone where su ntial vaporization occurs, in subjectingthe vapors to reflux condensation to condensethe heavier vapors,in'passing the reflux condensate in an advancing stream through aheating zone where it is subjected to cracking conditions of temperatureand pressure, in delivering the heated condensate to said enlarged zoneand simultaneously heating an charging oil for-deliveryto said enlargedzone to a temperature'suflicient to cause asubstantial vaporizationthereof in said zone, and in introducing said heated charging oil tothemlarged zone.

5. A process of oil conversion consisting in maintainin a'body of heatedhydrocarbons in an e arged zone where substantial vaporization occurs,in subjecting the vapors to reflux condensation tocondense theconsisting heavier vapors, in passing the reflux condensate in anadvancing stream through a heating zone where it is subjected tocracking conditions of temperature and p in delivering heated condensateto said enlar zone, and simultaneously heating an in ependent stream ofcharging oil for deenlarged zone .to a temperature suflicient to cause zation thereof in said zone, in introducing said heated charging oil tothe enlarged zone, and in withdrawing unvaporized oil from said enlargedzone without permitt' the same to again enter, either of said orstreams. v

1 GUSTAV EGLOFF.

a substantial vapori--'

